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Gear Steel

Overview

Gear steel is a high-quality steel specifically designed for manufacturing gears. After appropriate heat treatment, gear steel exhibits excellent strength, hardness, and toughness, with a wear-resistant surface and a tough core that can withstand impacts. It is a crucial material for key components in automobiles, railways, ships, and construction machinery, ensuring the safety and reliability of equipment. The development of gear steel focuses on high performance, long life, smooth gear operation, low noise, safety, low cost, ease of machining, and a variety of options.

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Characteristics

High Strength and Hardness:Gear steel achieves high strength and hardness after heat treatment, ensuring that gears can withstand heavy loads.
Excellent Wear Resistance:Surface hardening treatment provides outstanding wear resistance, extending the service life of gears.
Good Toughness and Impact Resistance:The core of gear steel has good toughness and impact resistance, ensuring that gears operate normally under high loads and impact conditions.
Machinability:Gear steel has good machinability, facilitating the production and processing of gears.
Versatility:Gear steel can be customized according to different usage requirements to meet the demands of various applications.

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Production Process

Smelting: The production of gear steel begins with smelting, using an electric arc furnace or electric furnace to melt the steel and add specific proportions of alloy elements to achieve the desired chemical composition.
Casting: The molten steel is cast into preliminary billets through continuous casting or mold casting.
Heat Treatment:
- Quenching: Heating the gear steel to a suitable high temperature and then rapidly cooling it to increase its hardness and strength.
- Tempering: After quenching, the gear steel is heated to a lower temperature and then slowly cooled to reduce brittleness, improving toughness and impact resistance.
Surface Treatment: Surface treatments like carburizing and nitriding are applied to increase surface hardness and wear resistance.
Machining: Machining processes such as turning, milling, and grinding are used to shape the gear steel into the desired gear forms and dimensions.
Quality Inspection: Finished gears undergo strict quality inspections to ensure they meet technical standards and usage requirements.

Applications

Automotive Industry: Gear steel is widely used in manufacturing key components such as automotive transmission gears, differential gears, and drive shafts.
Rail Transport: Used for making train wheel gears and bogie gears, ensuring the safe operation of trains.
Shipbuilding: Used for manufacturing main drive gears and auxiliary gears of ships, ensuring efficient operation.
Construction Machinery: Gear steel is used in the transmission systems of excavators, loaders, bulldozers, and other construction machinery, providing powerful power transmission.
Wind Power Equipment: Used in the manufacturing of gearbox gears for wind turbines, ensuring stable operation and efficient power generation.
Aerospace: In the aerospace field, gear steel is used for manufacturing aircraft engine gears and transmission system gears, requiring high performance and reliability.

Common Sizes

Sheet and Plate:

Thickness: 0.5mm – 200mm

Width: 600mm – 2500mm

Length: 2000mm – 12000mm

Bar:

Diameter: φ16-190mm

Length 4-12m

Chemical Composition

Gear Steel for Wind Power Generation
NO.	Grade	Chemical Composition (Mass Fraction) /%
NO.	Grade	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	P	S	H	Others
1	18Cr2Ni2MoH	0.15~ 0.21	0.17~ 0.37	0.50~ 0.90	1.50~ 1.80	1.40~ 1.70	0.25~ 0.35	≤0.020	≤0.020	≤0.0002	Cu: ≤0.20 Al: 0.015~ 0.035 V: ≤0.05 Ti: ≤0.010
2	20CrNi2MoH	0.17~ 0.23	0.17~ 0.37	0.40~ 0.70	0.35~ 0.65	1.55~ 2.00	0.20~ 0.30	≤0.020	≤0.020	≤0.0002
3	22CrNiMoH	0.19~ 0.25	0.17~ 0.37	0.60~ 0.95	0.35~ 0.65	0.35~ 0.75	0.15~ 0.25	≤0.020	≤0.020	≤0.0002
4	20CrMnMoH	0.17~ 0.23	0.17~ 0.37	0.85~ 1.20	1.05~ 1.40		0.20~ 0.30	≤0.020	≤0.020	≤0.0002

Gear Steel for Numerical Control Machine Tool
NO.	Grade	Chemical Composition (Mass Fraction) /%
NO.	Grade	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	S	P
1	20CrSH	0.17~ 0.23	0.17~ 0.37	0.50~ 0.85	0.70~ 1.10	≤0.30		0.015~ 0.035	0.030
2	40CrSH	0.37~ 0.44	0.17~ 0.37	0.50~ 0.85	0.70~ 1.10	≤0.30
3	16CrMnSH	0.14~ 0.19	≤0.37	1.00~ 1.30	0.80~ 1.10	≤0.30
4	20CrMnSH	0.17~ 0.22	≤0.37	1.10~ 1.40	1.00~ 1.30	≤0.30
5	20CrMoSH	0.17~ 0.23	0.17~ 0.37	0,55~ 0.90	0.85~ 1.25	≤0.30	0.15~ 0.25
6	42CrMoSH	0.37~ 0.44	0.17 0.37	0.55~ 0.90	0.85~ 1.25	≤0.30	0.15~ 0.25
7	20CrNiMoSH	0.17~ 0.23	0.17~ 0.37	0.60~ 0.95	0.35~ 0.65	0.35~ 0.75	0.15~ 0.25

Comparison Table of Steel Grades by Country

Gear Steel
NO.	GB	ISO	ASTM/AISI	DIN	JIS
1	18Cr2Ni2MoH		4320	18CrNiMo7-6 (1.6587)
2	20CrNi2MoH			20NiCrMo2-2 (1.6523)
3	22CrNiMoH		8620	20NiCrMo2-2 (1.6524)
4	20CrMnMoH
5	20CrSH		5120	20Cr4 (1.7003)	SCM420
6	40CrSH	41Cr4	5140	1.7035	SCr440
7	16CrMnSH		5115	16MnCr5 (1.7131)	SCM415
8	20CrMnSH		5120	20MnCr5 (1.7147)	SCM420
9	20CrMoSH		4119	1.7321	SCM420H
10	42CrMoSH	42CrMo4	4140	1.7225	SCM440
11	20CrNiMoSH		8620	20NiCrMo2-2 (1.6523)	SNCM220

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